What is the structure of a steel building?
Steel structure is a structure composed of steel materials, which is one of the main types of building structures. The structure is mainly composed of steel beams, steel columns, steel trusses and other components made of section steel and steel plates, and adopts silane, pure manganese phosphating, water washing, drying, galvanizing and other rust removal and rust prevention processes. Welding seams, bolts or rivets are usually used to connect members or components. Because of its light weight and simple construction, it is widely used in large plants, venues, super high-rise and other fields. Steel structures are easy to rust. Generally, steel structures should be derusted, galvanized or coated, and should be maintained regularly.
Steel is characterized by high strength, light weight, good overall stiffness and strong resistance to deformation, so it is particularly suitable for building large-span, ultra-high and ultra heavy buildings; The material has good homogeneity and isotropy, and is an ideal elastomer, which most conforms to the basic assumptions of general engineering mechanics; The material has good plasticity and toughness, can have large deformation, and can well bear dynamic loads; Short construction period; With a high degree of industrialization, it can carry out specialized production with a high degree of mechanization.
Steel structure should study high-strength steel to greatly improve its yield point strength; In addition, new varieties of section steel, such as H-section steel (also known as wide flange section steel), T-section steel and profiled steel plate, should be rolled to meet the needs of long-span structures and super high-rise buildings.
In addition, there is a light steel structure system without heat bridge, and the building itself is not energy-saving. This technology uses ingenious special connectors to solve the problem of cold and hot bridges in buildings; The small truss structure allows cables and water supply and drainage pipelines to pass through the wall, which is convenient for construction and decoration.
Advantages of steel structure
High material strength and light weight
Steel has high strength and high elastic modulus. Compared with concrete and wood, the ratio of density to yield strength is relatively low. Therefore, under the same stress conditions, the component section of steel structure is small, the self weight is light, it is convenient for transportation and installation, and it is suitable for structures with large span, high height and heavy load.
The steel has good toughness, plasticity, uniform material and high structural reliability
It is suitable for bearing impact and dynamic loads and has good seismic performance. The internal structure of steel is uniform, close to isotropic homogeneous body. The actual working performance of steel structure is in line with the calculation theory. Therefore, the reliability of steel structure is high.
High degree of mechanization in steel structure manufacturing and installation
Steel structural members are easy to be manufactured in the factory and assembled on the construction site. The factory mechanized manufacturing of steel structure components has high precision, high production efficiency, fast site assembly speed and short construction period. Steel structure is one of the most industrialized structures.
Good sealing performance of steel structure
Because the welded structure can be completely sealed, it can be made into high-pressure vessels, large oil pools, pressure pipelines, etc. with good air tightness and water tightness.
Steel structure is heat-resistant but not fire-resistant
When the temperature is below 150 ℃, the change of steel properties is very small. Therefore, the steel structure is suitable for hot workshops, but when the structural surface is exposed to heat radiation of about 150 ℃, it should be protected by heat insulation panels. When the temperature is 300 ℃ -400 ℃ The strength and elastic modulus of steel decreased significantly. When the temperature was about 600 ℃, the strength of steel tended to zero. In buildings with special fire protection needs, steel structures must be protected with refractory materials to improve the fire resistance rating.
Poor corrosion resistance of steel structure
Especially in the environment of wet and corrosive media, it is easy to rust. Generally, steel structures should be derusted, galvanized or coated, and should be maintained regularly. For offshore platform structures in seawater, special measures such as “zinc block anode protection” should be taken to prevent corrosion.
Low carbon, energy saving, green and reusable
The demolition of steel structure buildings will hardly produce construction waste, and steel can be recycled.