There are many types of poultry houses, common ones are chicken and poultry, duck and poultry residence, pigs and cattle, etc.This time mainly tells the cattle and poultry residence in the type of poultry
Bull house refers to a house that is used to raise cows and beef cows. According to the different weather conditions of the north and south, semi -open bull houses and plastic thermos cow can be built. The semi -open bull house is well ventilated, suitable for the south; plastic thermos cow houses have good thermal insulation, which is more suitable for the cold north of winter.
Building built -in buildings
Building built -in buildings. Bulls are relatively simple; the facilities of cows and meat cows are more complete. China’s cattle farms are generally used to feed the breeding process, feeding, drinking water, and rest on fixed bull beds in the bull house. There are generally supplementary feed, drinking sinks, and some restaurants and other equipment.
Classification
Depending on the purpose of breeding cattle, it can be divided into service cows, cows and meat cows. According to the requirements of bulls, they can be divided into calves, young cattle houses, breed cow houses, dairy cow houses, cow cows, sick cattle, bulls and so on. Different cattle houses should be reasonably arranged and designed according to the requirements of sanitary epidemic prevention and process processes. Cattle and youth beef can be raised in a single column or through the column. Cattle, dairy cows, cows, and sick cows can be used to use tie or free -range respectively. Bulls should be raised separately.
design
The most common dairy cows are two types: dual -row pairs and dual -column -to -head. In the middle of the dual -column to the tail cow, there is a feed passage on both sides. Its advantages are that milk and feces are more convenient. There is a feed channel in the middle of the dual -column -to -head cow house. There is a dung channel on both sides. The advantage is that it is convenient for feeding feeding. The graphic design of the dairy house: 70-80 meters long, about 10-12 meters wide. There are nearly 100 -headed cowhide in the house, and each dairy cow accounts for 6-9 square meters on average. The height of the cow house is about 3.2 to 3.6 meters. Niu House generally uses natural ventilation. The top of the cow house is usually set up to solve the problem of cooling in the summer house. One end of the cow set up auxiliary room to store feed and milking tools.
Most of the bull buildings are mixed structures, usually with brick wall load, steel roof frame or steel concrete combination roof. Some cattle houses are set up in the inner column to reduce the bus span. Niu Gongmen is best to push push -pull type, which is convenient for cattle to enter and exit. The ground in the house requires dry and flat, strong and wear -resistant, good wash performance, impermeable, not slippery, and not too hard. Most of the cement surface is used, or the drainage direction is in a rhombus. There is also a milk hall in the large cow field with auxiliary rooms such as milking table and milk treatment room, washing room, machine room, boiler room and other auxiliary rooms. The location of the milking hall should consider the walking route and convenient milk of the cow, which has higher requirements in terms of construction and sanitary conditions.
Four principles
The purpose of building a Niu House is to build a suitable living environment for cattle to ensure the health of cattle and the normal operation of production. Small less funds, energy, feed and labor, to obtain more animal products and higher economic benefits. To this end, the design of beef cow cottages should master the following four principles.
To meet the requirements of production technology, ensure the smooth implementation of production and the implementation of animal husbandry and veterinary technical measures
The production process of beef cattle includes the composition and turnover method of cattle groups, transporting grass, feeding, drinking water, dung, etc., as well as technical measures such as measurement, weighing, essence and loss, prevention, and production nursing. Building a bull house must be combined with the production process in this field. Otherwise, it will definitely cause inconvenience to production, and even make production unable to proceed.
Create a suitable environment for cattle
A suitable environment can give full play to the production potential of cattle and improve feed utilization. Generally speaking, 20%of domestic livestock depends on the variety, 40%-50%depends on feed, and 20%-30%depends on the environment. The unsuitable environmental temperature can reduce the productivity of the livestock by 10 — 30%. In addition, even if it is fed to full -price feed, if there is no suitable environment, the feed cannot be converted into livestock products to the greatest extent; thereby reducing feed utilization. It can be seen that when building a livestock house, it is necessary to meet the requirements of various environmental conditions, including humidity, temperature, light, ventilation, air carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia in the air, creating a suitable environment for domestic animals.
It must be economically reasonable and technical feasible
Under the premise of meeting the above three requirements, the construction of livestock houses should also minimize engineering cost and equipment investment to reduce production costs and accelerate capital turnover. Therefore, the construction of animal houses should try to use the favorable conditions of nature (such as natural ventilation, natural light, etc.) as much as possible, try to use materials as much as possible, and adopt local building construction habits to appropriately reduce the area of the auxiliary houses. The livestock design scheme must be realized through construction. Otherwise, the plan is good and the construction technology is not feasible, and it can only be a imaginary design.
Strict hygiene and epidemic prevention to prevent the spread of epidemic disease
Popular diseases threatened the cattle farm and caused economic losses. By constructing a standard cattle, creating a suitable environment for domestic animals will prevent or reduce the occurrence of epidemic diseases. In addition, when building a livestock house, special attention should be paid to the implementation of the veterinary epidemic prevention system. It is necessary to reasonably carry out venue planning and building layout according to the requirements of epidemic prevention, determine the orientation and spacing of livestock houses, set up disinfection facilities, and reasonably resettle dirt treatment facilities.
Common Bull House Construction Plan
Beef cow house
The beef cow house is a double -column -type cow. The length of the cow can be determined according to the number of cattle or geographical location. The fence is scattered, with a walkway in the middle, and the sides of the aisle are feed troughs and water drinks. The cattle stand to eat. The cow can be a layer or two layers. The forage is stacked on the upper layer. This kind of bull house has good insulation and cold protection, and it is more appropriate to feed fat cows in the northern region. The cow must be used as a cattle, and the cattle must be equipped with a proof.
Cow shed
This is a warm area in the south. It combines a fence and cattle sheds and built. The internal structure is the same or similar to the cow pill. But the cost is low and the economy is applicable.
Beef cow shed
This bull shed structure is simple, so the cost is low and the ventilation is good. There is a certain area of open -air sports field in the cow shed side, and beef cow sheds are suitable for the southern regions that are not too cold in winter. The area of beef should make all cows stand and lie on rainy days. A feed tank and a diet device on one side of the shed. There is a straw frame on the other side.
Winter thermos cow house
This is a form that combines the combination of plastic membrane insulation with the bull shed in the northern region. The plastic film covers 2/3 of the beef shed area. The plastic membrane selected is white and transparent plastic film, with a thickness of 0.02 ~ 0.05 mm. The slope of the plastic film cover is between 40 ° and 60 °, and the slope is determined according to the actual situation, such as terrain and area. The blocking time is from November to March of the following year, and the climate conditions are carried out in a timely manner.
The heater plastic film should be tightened and tight, and it is not ventilated. When the weather is too cold, it must be covered with grass curtains to really keep warm. During the day, the air intake holes and exhaust on the south wall were used for ventilation for ventilation to discharge the moisture and toxic gases in the shed. The density of feeding cows in the thermal cow is preferably every 4 square meters.
Rural warehouse cattle house
The warehouse or other idle houses that are not in the countryside can be used for beef breeding for beef cows. However, because this kind of house is not built according to the requirements of the cow house, it cannot be simply shifted as a cow house, and it must be transformed. According to the requirements of local winter cold and summer ventilation, the doors and windows are first transformed and installed. Then make the ground into a cement or three -in -land ground that is not slippery, water. Construction of feed tanks, channels and other facilities to enable breeding management measures to carry out normally.
Solar Cow House
This is based on the roof as the double -slope cow house, and the two -layer plastic membrane is closed with double -layer plastic membrane in Xiangyang Banpo. At the same time, blackened the outer wall of the Yangyang, and then set up a diagonal wooden frame to close it with a double -layer plastic film. The cow houses are connected, so that the hot air heated by the solar in the triangle is continuously flowing into the cow house through the pores of the solar, which plays a role in heat preservation.